Where does the state pension replace most of a wage?
China leads on net replacement at 103.6%; France is last of the 15 shown at 70%.
The replacement rate is the honest way to compare state pensions: the pension as a share of the pre-retirement wage, after tax on both. A high absolute pension in a high-wage country can replace less of a wage than a modest one elsewhere.
It describes one person who does not exist — a full-career average earner who entered work at 22 and paid into every mandatory scheme — so 33 countries are comparable on the same basis and nobody's own record is. The men's figure is used; where the women's differs, the tool shows it.
Countries OECD does not profile are absent rather than estimated. A high rate says nothing about when it starts, which the tool shows beside it, or whether the scheme is affordable, which the public-spending figure hints at.
| # | Country | Net replacement | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 🇨🇳 China | 103.6% | 2024 |
| 2 | 🇧🇷 Brazil | 97.5% | 2024 |
| 3 | 🇹🇷 Türkiye | 96.4% | 2024 |
| 4 | 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 96% | 2024 |
| 5 | 🇵🇹 Portugal | 92.7% | 2024 |
| 6 | 🇬🇷 Greece | 88.5% | 2024 |
| 7 | 🇪🇸 Spain | 86.3% | 2024 |
| 8 | 🇲🇽 Mexico | 79.6% | 2024 |
| 9 | 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia | 79.6% | 2024 |
| 10 | 🇮🇹 Italy | 79% | 2024 |
| 11 | 🇦🇷 Argentina | 78.6% | 2024 |
| 12 | 🇭🇺 Hungary | 78% | 2024 |
| 13 | 🇩🇰 Denmark | 77.1% | 2024 |
| 14 | 🇨🇴 Colombia | 73.1% | 2024 |
| 15 | 🇫🇷 France | 70% | 2024 |
How this is worked out: Net pension replacement rate at 100% of the average wage, mandatory schemes, men, OECD Pensions at a Glance (DSD_PAG), newest observed year, highest first. Refreshed 2026-09-05. Estimates for comparison, not advice.
Check your own numbers
A ranking is a starting point, not an answer — your income, household and destination change the order. The State pension systems runs the same engine against your own figures, and every country above links to its own page.