Where do women earn least against men for the same kind of work?

India leads on pay gap at 37.5%; France is last of the 15 shown at 19.5%.

Almost every figure on this site is modelled from public aggregates. This one is not: it comes from earnings employers and labour-force surveys reported to the International Labour Organization, and it is the shortfall of women's median monthly pay against men's across all occupations.

These are MONTHLY gaps, and that is why they look larger than the number you may have seen. The widely-quoted gender pay gap — Eurostat's, and most national ones — is HOURLY. A monthly gap also carries the difference in hours worked, and part-time work is far more common among women, so it runs roughly ten points wider: the Netherlands, with the EU's highest female part-time rate, diverges most, and Sweden, where far more women work full time, least. Neither figure is wrong; they answer different questions.

It is also a raw gap, not an adjusted one. It controls for nothing — not occupation within the group, not seniority, not years out of the labour market — so it does not claim to measure unequal pay for identical work. It measures what women are actually paid against what men are actually paid. An adjusted figure would be smaller and would need microdata nobody publishes free.

A country can score well here for uncomfortable reasons. Where few women are in paid employment at all, the ones who are tend to be concentrated in higher-paid work, which narrows the measured gap without anything improving. Read it alongside the occupation table on each country's wage page rather than on its own.